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Showing faces:

• Creates a sense of .
• Fosters and enhances .
• Is required to build .
• Simulates in-person instruction. .
• Makes it easy to identify students by name especially in large-enrollment classes.
• Gallery view or the "" makes everyone visible to each other at the same time. May help to break perceived power differential.

Consider:

• The for example .
• Invasion of . Students can see other students' faces all the time.
• is also an issue.
• The stimulation of .
• The element of ; students do not want to show their .
• Concerns about .

Please consider the following recommendations:

• for turning on cameras early on, and explain why.
• Set for synchronous meetings and the use of video cameras.
• Turning video cameras on should not be mandatory.
• Have short conferences to have face-to-face with students. Encourage, but do not insist on the use of video camera for discussions, .
• You may ask students to make themselves visible if they are asking/responding to a question; otherwise, use chat.
• In larger classes, some professors tell students to turn their camers off during lectures.